![]() ![]() trachomatis are divided into three biovars and are further subtyped by serovar. ![]() Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, the major species that infect humans, are responsible for a wide range of diseases 2, 4 and will be the focus of this Review. The mouse pathogen Chlamydia muridarum is a useful model of genital tract infections 3. Some species that are pathogenic to animals, such as the avian pathogen Chlamydia psittaci, can be transmitted to humans 1, 2. The best-studied group in the Chlamydiae phylum is the Chlamydiaceae family, which comprises 11 species that are pathogenic to humans or animals 1. Chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogens and symbionts of diverse organisms, ranging from humans to amoebae 1. ![]()
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